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APPLICATION NOTE A V A I LABLE
AN104
Low Noise, Low Power, 32 Taps
X9315
E2POTTM Nonvolatile Digital Potentiometer
FEATURES * Low Power CMOS --VCC = 2.7V to 5.5V, Single Supply --Active Current, 50A (Increment) max --Active Current, 400A (Store) Max --Standby Current, 1A Max * Low Noise * 31 Resistive Elements --Temperature Compensated -- 20% End to End Resistance Range --VSS to VCC Range * 32 Wiper Tap Points --Wiper Positioned via Three-Wire Interface --Similar to TTL Up/Down Counter --Wiper Position Stored in Nonvolatile Memory and Recalled on Power-Up * 100 Year Wiper Position Data Retention * X9315Z = 1K * X9315W = 10K * Packages --8-Lead SOIC --8-Lead MSOP --8-Pin DIP FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
U/D INC CS 5-BIT UP/DO WN COUNTER CMOS SWITCH VH
DESCRIPTION
The Xicor X9315 is a solid state "micropower" nonvolatile potentiometer and is ideal for digitally controlled resistance trimming. The X9315 is a resistor array composed of 31 resistive elements. Between each element and at either end are tap points accessible to the wiper element. The position of the wiper element is controlled by the CS, U/D, and INC inputs. The position of the wiper can be stored in nonvolatile memory and then be recalled upon a subsequent power-up operation. The resolution of the X9315 is equal to the maximum resistance value divided by 31. As an example, for the X9315W (10K) each tap point represents 323. All Xicor nonvolatile digital potentiometers are designed and tested for applications requiring extended endurance and data retention.
5-BIT NONVOLA TILE MEMOR Y
ONE OF THIRTY TWO WIPER POSITION DECODER
RESISTOR ARRAY
STORE AND RECALL CONTR OL CIRCUITR Y VL VW
6732 FM1 E2POTTM is a trademark of Xicor, Inc. 6732-2.0 5/30/97 T1/C0/D0 SH
1
Characteristics subject to change without notice
X9315
PIN DESCRIPTIONS VH and VL The high (VH) and low (VL) terminals of the X9315 are equivalent to the fixed terminals of a mechanical potentiometer. The minimum voltage is VSS and the maximum is VCC. It should be noted that the terminology of VL and VH references the relative position of the terminal in relation to wiper movement direction selected by the U/D input and not the voltage potential on the terminal. VW Vw is the wiper terminal, equivalent to the movable terminal of a mechanical potentiometer. The position of the wiper within the array is determined by the control inputs. The wiper terminal series resistance is typically 400. Up/Down (U/D) The U/D input controls the direction of the wiper movement and whether the counter is incremented or decremented. Increment (INC) The INC input is negative-edge triggered. Toggling INC will move the wiper and either increment or decrement the counter in the direction indicated by the logic level on the U/D input. Chip Select (CS) The device is selected when the CS input is LOW. The current counter value is stored in nonvolatile memory when CS is returned HIGH while the INC input is also HIGH. After the store operation is complete the X9315 will be placed in the low power standby mode until the device is selected once again. PIN CONFIGURATION
DIP/SOIC/MSOP INC U/D VH VSS 1 2 3 4 X9315 8 7 6 5 VCC CS VL VW
6732 FM2
PIN NAMES Symbol
VH VW VL VSS VCC U/D INC CS
Description
High Terminal Wiper Terminal Low Terminal Ground Supply Voltage Up/Down Input Increment Input Chip Select Input
6732 FM T01
2
X9315
DEVICE OPERATION There are three sections of the X9315: the input control, counter and decode section; the nonvolatile memory; and the resistor array. The input control section operates just like an up/down counter. The output of this counter is decoded to turn on a single electronic switch connecting a point on the resistor array to the wiper output. Under the proper conditions the contents of the counter can be stored in nonvolatile memory and retained for future use. The resistor array is comprised of 31 individual resistors connected in series. At either end of the array and between each resistor is an electronic switch that transfers the potential at that point to the wiper. The INC, U/D and CS inputs control the movement of the wiper along the resistor array. With CS set LOW the X9315 is selected and enabled to respond to the U/D and INC inputs. HIGH to LOW transitions on INC will increment or decrement (depending on the state of the U/D input) a seven bit counter. The output of this counter is decoded to select one of thirty two wiper positions along the resistive array. The wiper, when at either fixed terminal, acts like its mechanical equivalent and does not move beyond the last position. That is, the counter does not wrap around when clocked to either extreme. The value of the counter is stored in nonvolatile memory whenever CS transistions HIGH while the INC input is also HIGH. When the X9315 is powered-down, the last counter position stored will be maintained in the nonvolatile memory. When power is restored, the contents of the memory are recalled and the counter is reset to the value last stored. Operation Notes The system may select the X9315, move the wiper and deselect the device without having to store the latest wiper position in nonvolatile memory. The wiper movement is performed as described above; once the new position is reached, the system would the keep INC LOW while taking CS HIGH. The new wiper position would be maintained until changed by the system or until a powerup/down cycle recalled the previously stored data. This would allow the system to always power-up to a preset value stored in nonvolatile memory; then during system operation minor adjustments could be made. The adjustments might be based on user preference, system parameter changes due to temperature drift, etc... The state of U/D may be changed while CS remains LOW. This allows the host system to enable the X9315 and then move the wiper up and down until the proper trim is attained. SYMBOL TABLE
WAVEFORM INPUTS Must be steady May change from Low to High May change from High to Low Don't Care: Changes Allowed N/A OUTPUTS Will be steady Will change from Low to High Will change from High to Low Changing: State Not Known Center Line is High Impedance
6732 FM 3
3
X9315
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* Temperature under Bias .........................-65C to +135C Storage Temperature..............................-65C to +150C Voltage on CS, INC, U/D VH, VL and VCC with Respect to VSS.................................. -1V to +7V V = |VH-VL| ................................................................. 5V Lead Temperature (Soldering 10 seconds)............. 300C Wiper Current ........................................................... 1mA ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS Electrical Characteristics Temperature under Bias.........................-65C to +135C End-to-End Resistance Tolerance .......................... 20% Power Rating at 25C ..............................................10mW Wiper Current ................................................. 1mA Max. Typical Wiper Resistance ............................ 400 at 1mA Typical Noise.................................. < -140dB Hz Ref: 1V Resolution Resistance ................................................................... 3% Linearity Absolute Linearity(1) ...........................................1.0 Ml(2) Relative Linearity(3) ...........................................0.2 Ml(2) Temperature Coefficient (-40C to +85C) ..............................+300 ppm/C Typical Ratiometric Temperature Coefficient .................. 20 ppm Wiper Adjustability Unlimited Wiper Adjustment (Non-Store operation) Wiper Position Store Operations .......................... 100,000 Physical Characteristics Marking Includes Manufacturer's Trademark Resistance Value or Code Date Code *COMMENT Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and the functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
Test Circuit #1
Test Circuit #2
VH TEST POINT TEST POINT VW VL
6732 FM 4
VH
VW VL FORCE CURRENT
6732 FM 5
Notes:
(1) Absolute Linearity is utilized to determine actual wiper voltage versus expected voltage = (Vw(n)(actual) - Vw(n)(expected)) = 1 Ml Maximum. (2) 1 Ml = Minimum Increment = RTOT/31. (3) Relative Linearity is a measure of the error in step size between taps = V W(n+1) - [Vw(n) + Ml] = +0.2 Ml.
4
X9315
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Temperature
Commercial Industrial
Min.
0C -40C
Max.
+70C +85C
6732 PGM T02
Supply Voltage
X9315 X9315-2.7
Limits
5V 10% 2.7V to 5.5V
6732 PGM T03
D.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified.) Limits Symbol
ICC1 ICC2 ISB ILI VIH VIL RW VVH VVL CIN(5)
Parameter
VCC Active Current (Increment) VCC Active Current (Store) Standby Supply Current CS, INC, U/D Input Leakage Current CS, INC, U/D Input HIGH Voltage CS, INC, U/D Input LOW Voltage Wiper Resistence VH Terminal Voltage VL Terminal Voltage CS, INC, U/D Input Capacitance
Min.
Typ.(4)
Max.
50 400 1 10
Units
A A A A V
Test Conditions
CS = VIL, U/D = VIL or VIH and INC = 0.4V/2.4V @ max. tCYC CS = VIH, U/D = VIL or VIH and INC = VIH CS = VCC - 0.3V, U/D and INC = VSS or VCC - 0.3V VIN = VSS to VCC
2
VCC + 1 0.8
-0.5
V V V pF VCC = 5V, VIN = VSS, TA = 25C, f = 1MHz
6732 PGM T04
400 VSS VSS
1000 VCC VCC 10
Max. Wiper Current 1mA
STANDARD PARTS Part Number
X9315Z X9315W
Maximum Resistance
1K 10K
Wiper Increments
32.3 323
Minimum Resistance
100 100
6732 PGM T05
Notes: (4) Typical values are for TA = 25C and nominal supply voltage. (5) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested.
5
X9315
A.C. CONDITIONS OF TEST
Input Pulse Levels Input Rise and Fall Times Input Reference Levels 0V to 3V 10ns 1.5V
6732 PGM T06
MODE SELECTION CS
L L H H X L
INC
U/D
H L X X X Wiper Up
Mode
Wiper Down Store Wiper Position Standby No Store, Return to Standby
6732 PGM T07
A.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified) Limits Symbol
tCl tlD tDI tlL tlH tlC tCPH tIW tCYC tR, tF(7) tPU(7) tR VCC(7) tWR CS to INC Setup INC HIGH to U/D Change U/D to INC Setup INC LOW Period INC HIGH Period INC Inactive to CS Inactive CS Deselect Time (NO STORE) INC to Vw Change INC Cycle Time INC Input Rise and Fall Time Power up to Wiper Stable VCC Power-up Rate Store Cycle 0.2 5 4 500 5 50 10
Parameter
Min.
100 100 2.9 1 1 1 100
Typ.(6)
Max.
Units
ns ns s s s s ns
1
5
s s s s mV/s ms
6732 PGM T08
A.C. TIMING
CS tCYC tCI INC tID tDI tF tIL tIH tIC tCPH 90% 90% 10% tR
U/D tIW VW MI (8)
6732 FM 06
Notes: (6) Typical values are for TA = 25C and nominal supply voltage. (7) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested. (8) MI in the A.C. timing diagram refers to the minimum incremental change in the V W output due to a change in the wiper position.
6
X9315
TYPICAL NOISE
0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 Noise (dB) -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 -140 -150 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 Frequenc y (KHz)
TYPICAL RTOTAL vs. TEMPERATURE
10000 9800 9600 9400 9200 Rtotal 9000 8800 8600 8400 8200 8000 -55 -45 -35 -25 -15 -5 5 15 35 45 25 Temperature 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125 C
7
X9315
TYPICAL TOTAL RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT
0
-50
-100
-150 PPM -200
-250
-300
-350 -55
-45
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25 35 45 Temperature
55
65
75
85
95
105
115
125
C
TYPICAL WIPER RESISTANCE
800 700
600 500 Rw (Ohms)
400 300
200 100
0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Tap 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
8
X9315
TYPICAL ABSOLUTE % ERROR PER TAP POSITION
40.0% 30.0% 20.0% Absolute % Error 10.0% 0.0% -10.0% -20.0% -30.0% -40.0% 0 3 6 9 12 15 Tap 18 21 24 27 30
TYPICAL RELATIVE % ERROR PER TAP POSITION
20.0% 15.0% 10.0% Relative % Error 5.0% 0.0% -5.0% -10.0% -15.0% -20.0% 0 3 6 9 12 15 Tap 18 21 24 27 30
9
X9315
PACKAGING INFORMATION 8-LEAD MINIATURE SMALL OUTLINE GULL WING PACKAGE TYPE M
0.118 0.002 (3.00 0.05) 0.012 + 0.006 / -0.002 (0.30 + 0.15 / -0.05) 0.0256 (0.65) TYP
R 0.014 (0.36)
0.118 0.002 (3.00 0.05)
0.030 (0.76) 0.0216 (0.55)
0.036 (0.91) 0.032 (0.81)
7 TYP
0.040 0.002 (1.02 0.05)
0.008 (0.20) 0.004 (0.10)
0.007 (0.18) 0.005 (0.13)
0.150 (3.81) REF. 0.193 (4.90) REF.
NOTE: 1. ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES AND (MILLIMETERS)
3003 ILL 01
10
X9315
PACKAGING INFORMATION 8-LEAD PLASTIC DUAL IN-LINE PACKAGE TYPE P
0.430 (10.92) 0.360 (9.14)
0.260 (6.60) 0.240 (6.10) PIN 1 INDEX PIN 1 0.300 (7.62) REF. 0.060 (1.52) 0.020 (0.51)
HALF SHOULDER WIDTH ON ALL END PINS OPTIONAL SEATING PLANE 0.150 (3.81) 0.125 (3.18)
0.145 (3.68) 0.128 (3.25)
0.025 (0.64) 0.015 (0.38) 0.065 (1.65) 0.045 (1.14) 0.020 (0.51) 0.016 (0.41)
0.110 (2.79) 0.090 (2.29)
0.015 (0.38) MAX.
0.325 (8.25) 0.300 (7.62)
TYP .0.010 (0.25)
0 15
NOTE: 1. ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS) 2. PACKAGE DIMENSIONS EXCLUDE MOLDING FLASH
11
X9315
PACKAGING INFORMATION 8-LEAD PLASTIC SMALL OUTLINE GULL WING PACKAGE TYPE S
0.150 (3.80) 0.158 (4.00) PIN 1 INDEX
0.228 (5.80) 0.244 (6.20)
PIN 1
0.014 (0.35) 0.019 (0.49)
0.188 (4.78) 0.197 (5.00)
(4X) 7
0.053 (1.35) 0.069 (1.75)
0.050 (1.27)
0.004 (0.19) 0.010 (0.25)
0.010 (0.25) 0.020 (0.50) X 45
0.050" TYPICAL
0 - 8 0.0075 (0.19) 0.010 (0.25) 0.016 (0.410) 0.037 (0.937) 0.250"
0.050" TYPICAL
FOOTPRINT
0.030" TYPICAL 8 PLACES
NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS)
12
X9315
ORDERING INFORMATION X9315X X X X VCC Limits Blank = 5V 10% -2.7 = 2.7V to 5.5V Temperature Range Blank = Commercial = 0C to +70C I = Industrial = -40C to +85C Package M = 8-Lead MSOP P = 8-Lead Plastic DIP S = 8-Lead SOIC End to End Resistance Z = 1K W = 10K
LIMITED WARRANTY Devices sold by Xicor, Inc. are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Terms of Sale only. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty of merchantability or fitness for any purpose. Xicor, Inc. reserves the right to discontinue production and change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Xicor, Inc. assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in a Xicor, Inc. product. No other circuits, patents, licenses are implied. U.S. PATENTS Xicor products are covered by one or more of the following U.S. Patents: 4,263,664; 4,274,012; 4,300,212; 4,314,265; 4,326,134; 4,393,481; 4,404,475; 4,450,402; 4,486,769; 4,488,060; 4,520,461; 4,533,846; 4,599,706; 4,617,652; 4,668,932; 4,752,912; 4,829, 482; 4,874, 967; 4,883, 976. Foreign patents and additional patents pending. LIFE RELATED POLICY In situations where semiconductor component failure may endanger life, system designers using this product should design the system with appropriate error detection and correction, redundancy and back-up features to prevent such an occurence. Xicor's products are not authorized for use in critical components in life support devices or systems. 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. 13

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